NAACP Jesse Stevenson

• National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
• founded in 1909
• to achieve through peaceful and lawful means, equal citizenship rights for all american citizens by eliminating segregation and discrimination in housing, employment, voting, schools, the courts, transportation, and recreation
• Many famous americans involved: Jane Adam, John Dewey, Francis J. Grimke, Ida B. Wells-Barnett
• publication - the crisis
• over 50 branches across the United States

Participation in:
• bus boycotts
• demonstrations
• freedom rides
• marches
• school desegregation
• voter registration
• drives

John F. Kennedy Kyle Rooney

• Born on May 29, 1917, in Brookline, Massachusetts
• Second of nine Children
• Married Jacqueline Bouvier on September 12, 1953
• Youngest man ever to be voted president
• First Roman Catholic President
• 35th president
• Elected in 1960 when he was 43 years old

His actions...

• Kennedy approved the plan to send 1,400 CIA-trained Cuban exiles in an amphibious landing at the Bay of Pigs in Cuba in 1661

• Kennedy met with Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev in Vienna. They discussed Berlin, which had been divided after World War II. One side was ruled by the allied powers and one was ruled by the soviets
• Two months later, East German troops began erecting a wall to divide the city.
• Kennedy delivered one of his most famous speeches in West Berlin in June 1963. “Today, in the world of freedom, the proudest boast is ‘Ich bin ein Berliner.’”

Dwight D. Eisenhower Kyle Rooney

• Born in Texas in 1890, raised in Abilene, Kansas
• Third of seven sons
• Married Mamie Geneva Doud in 1916.
• 34th president
• Elected for his second term in November of 1956
• Became President of Columbia University

• In domestic policy the President pursued a middle course, continuing most of the New Deal and Fair Deal programs
• Suffered a heart attack in Denver, Colorado in September of 1955
• Left office in January 1961

Civil Rights Act of 1957 Jesse Stevenson

• Civil rights commission to investigate abuses against blacks
• To intervene for those who have had their voting rights denied by southern states
• Passed in the House of Representatives
• Southern opposition prevented the law from passing in the Senate
• compromise
• Lead by senate majority leader Lyndon B. Johnson
• removed power from the act
• left the civil rights commission powerless and unable to intervene in the support for black voting rights

March on Washington Lauren Chiappetti

• Took place on August 28th 1963
• Over 250,000 americans gather in Washington D.C.
• President Kennedy opposed the act at first but once he knew the march was going to happen he supported it

• The march was in response to an attack in Alabama on protesters, most were in their teens

• Martin Luther King, Jr., was arrested and jailed during these protests

Voting Rights Act of 1965 Lauren Chiappetti

• Banned racial discrimination in voting federally as well as by the state and local governments
• Passed after a violent denial to African Americans in the South
• Permitted African Americans to vote and participate in elections
• Purpose was to gain equality, justice, and dignity
• Said to be the most effective civil rights law ever passed
• Reauthorized four times
• “Act to enforce the fifteenth amendment”
• Abraham Lincoln said, “The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is one of the most monumental laws in the entire history of American freedom.”

Twenty-fourth Amendment Lauren Chiappetti

• Section 1: The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax.
• Section 2: The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

• Prohibited the federal and state governments from imposing poll taxes before a citizen tries to vote in a federal election
• Proposed on August 27th, 1962 and ratified on January 23rd, 1964

Fair Housing Act Jesse Stevenson

• protects minorities from discrimination in housing: sale, retail, & financing
• founded with the civil rights act of 1968
• many hispanic and african american infantrymen came home from the Vietnam war and were denied purchase or rental of homes
• NAACP, the GI Forum, and The National Committee Against Discrimination all lobbied congress to pass the act

Citations

"Dwight D. Eisenhower." The White House. The White House, n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014. <http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/dwightdeisenhower>.

"History of Fair Housing - HUD.gov" History of Fair Housing - HUD.gov. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014. <http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/fair_housing_equal_opp/aboutfheo/history>.

"John F. Kennedy." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. . <http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/john-f-kennedy>.

"John F. Kennedy." The White House. The White House, n.d. Web. . <http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/johnfkennedy>.

"Major Features of the Civil Rights Act of 1964." Congresslink.org. N.p., 18 Oct. 2002. Web. 24 Apr. 2014.

"Voting Rights Act." The Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights. N.p., n.d. Web. . <http://www.civilrights.org/voting-rights/vra/>.

Foner, Eric. "March on Washington." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 23 Apr. 2014.

Kennedy, John F.. ""Ich bin ein Berliner" Speech." Rathaus Schöneberg, West Berlin . 26 June 1963. Lecture

Smentkowski, Brian. "Twenty-fourth Amendment (United States Constitution)." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. . <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/611014/Twenty-fourth-Amendment>.

Twentieth-century America: A Primary Source Collection from the Associated Press. Danbury, CT: Grolier Educational, 1995. Print.

Wexler, Sanford. "The Dignity of Man." The civil rights movement: an eyewitness history. New York, NY: Facts on File, 1993. . Print.

Wexler, Sanford. The Civil Rights Movement: An Eyewitness History. New York, NY: Facts on File, 1993. Print.